Some of the principles of complementary color schemes were already cover in the Color Theory: Conclusion page.  However, more can be said in the context of other color schemes, thus understanding the concept as it relates to others.

The complementary color scheme is made of two colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel.  See Complementary Colors.  To get the most out of this scheme, use a warm color against a cool color, for example, orange against blue-violet. The complementary scheme is by nature high-contrast.

When using the complementary scheme, it is important to choose a dominant color and use its complementary color for accents. In the example of the "Poplars along the River Epte, Autumn" Monet used green as the dominant color and red to accent the composition.  This red is found throughout the painting, but it does not become a dominant color in any place.  By using these principles, you accomplish high contrast, force, vitality and definition.

This is the color scheme that offers the most contrast, and consequently, draws maximum attention.  The drawback is that it is harder to balance than previous schemes, particularly when warm colors of low saturation are used.

To maximize the results with this color scheme:

• Use cool colors against warm ones.

• If you use a warm color as an accent, you must use low saturation cool colors as the opposite color.  The purpose of this action is to maintain the emphasis on the warm colors.

• As much as you can, don't use low saturation warm colors such as browns and dull yellows.

• If color balance can not be achieve this this scheme, venture into more variety of complementary colors.

Claude Monet Rouen Cathedral, West Façade, Sunlight, 1894 Chester Dale Collection Copyright ©2003 National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

Claude Monet Poplars along the River Epte, Autumn 1891.  Private collection

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